Ukungcola embonini yezindwangu
● USun Ruizhe, umongameli we-China National Textile and Apparel Council, wake wathi eNgqungqutheleni Yokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Nezemfashini Yesimo Sezulu ngo-2019 ukuthi imboni yezindwangu nezingubo isibe imboni yesibili ngobukhulu engcolisa umhlaba, ilandela imboni kawoyela kuphela;
● Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-China Circular Economy Association, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-26 ezingubo ezindala aphonswa emathini kadoti ezweni lakithi minyaka yonke, futhi lesi sibalo sizokhuphuka sibe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-50 ngemva kuka-2030;
● Ngokwesilinganiso se-China National Textile and Apparel Council, izwe lami lilahla imfucuza yendwangu minyaka yonke, okulingana namathani ayizigidi ezingu-24 kawoyela ongahluziwe. Njengamanje, izingubo eziningi ezindala zisalahlwa endaweni yokulahla udoti noma zishiswe, kokubili okuzobangela ukungcola okukhulu kwemvelo.
Izixazululo zezinkinga zokungcola - imicu esuselwe ku-bio
Imicu yokwenziwa ezindwangu ngokuvamile yenziwa ngezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-petrochemical, njengemicu ye-polyester (i-polyester), imicu ye-polyamide (inayiloni noma inayiloni), imicu ye-polyacrylonitrile (imicu ye-acrylic), njll.
● Njengoba ukwanda kokuntuleka kwemithombo kawoyela kanye nokuvuka kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ohulumeni nabo sebeqalile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezahlukene zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo kawoyela nokuthola imithombo evuselelekayo enobungani nemvelo ongayishintsha.
● Zithintwe ukushoda kukawoyela nezinkinga zemvelo, izikhungo zamandla zokukhiqiza ifayibha yamakhemikhali zendabuko njenge-United States, i-European Union, kanye ne-Japan ziye zahoxa kancane kancane ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha yamakhemikhali evamile, futhi ziye zaphendukela kufayibha esuselwe ku-bio enenzuzo kakhulu futhi engathinteki kakhulu yizinsiza noma imvelo.
Izinto ze-polyester ezisekelwe ku-bio (PET/PEF) zingasetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemicu esuselwe ku-bio kanyeisikhumba esisekelwe kubhayoloji.
Embikweni wakamuva we-“Textile Herald” ku-“Review and Prospect of World Textile Technology”, kwavezwa ukuthi:
● I-PET esuselwe ku-100% iye yahola ekungeneni embonini yokudla, njengeziphuzo ze-Coca-Cola, ukudla kwe-Heinz, kanye nokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanza, futhi iye yangena futhi emikhiqizweni yefayibha yemikhiqizo yezemidlalo eyaziwayo njenge-Nike;
● Imikhiqizo ye-PET noma ye-PEF T-shirt esuselwe ku-100% iye yabonakala emakethe.
Njengoba ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuqhubeka nokukhula, imikhiqizo esuselwe ku-bio izoba nezinzuzo ezingokwemvelo emikhakheni yemikhiqizo yezokwelapha, yokudla kanye neyokunakekelwa kwempilo ehlobene kakhulu nokuphila kwabantu.
● “Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezindwangu (2016-2020)” lwezwe lami kanye “nohlelo lweminyaka emihlanu lwemboni yezindwangu” lweSayensi Nobuchwepheshe luveze ngokusobala ukuthi isiqondiso somsebenzi esilandelayo yilesi: ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha zefayibha ezisekelwe ku-bio ukuze zithathe indawo yemithombo kaphethiloli, ukukhuthaza Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni zefayibha ezisekelwe ku-bio zasolwandle.
Iyini i-fiber esuselwe ku-bio?
● Imicu esuselwe ku-bio ibhekisela kumicu eyenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo ngokwazo noma ezikhishwe kuzo. Isibonelo, i-polylactic acid fiber (i-PLA fiber) yenziwe ngemikhiqizo yezolimo equkethe isitashi njengommbila, ukolweni, kanye ne-sugar beet, kanti i-alginate fiber yenziwe nge-algae ensundu.
● Lolu hlobo lwefayibha esuselwe ku-bio alugcini nje ngokuba luhlaza futhi lunobungani nemvelo, kodwa futhi lusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nenani elengeziwe. Isibonelo, izakhiwo zemishini, ukubola, ukuguguleka, ukungashi, ukungabi nomswakama kwesikhumba, ukulwa namagciwane, kanye nezakhiwo zokususa umswakama zefayibha ze-PLA aziphansi kunezo zefayibha zendabuko. Ifayibha ye-alginate iyinto eluhlaza esezingeni eliphezulu yokukhiqiza izingubo zezokwelapha ezi-hygroscopic kakhulu, ngakho-ke inenani elikhethekile lokusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezokwelapha kanye nezempilo. njengokuthi, sinezici ezintsha zokusetshenziswa.isikhumba esisekelwe ku-bio/isikhumba se-vegan.
Kungani kufanele uhlole imikhiqizo ukuze uthole okuqukethwe okusekelwe ku-bio?
Njengoba abathengi beqhubeka bethanda imikhiqizo eluhlaza enobungani nemvelo, ephephile, nevela ezintweni eziphilayo. Isidingo semicu esuselwa ezintweni eziphilayo emakethe yezindwangu siyakhula usuku nosuku, futhi kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo esebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yezinto ezisuselwa ezintweni eziphilayo ukuze kutholakale inzuzo yokuqala emakethe. Imikhiqizo esuselwa ezintweni eziphilayo idinga okuqukethwe okusekelwe ezintweni eziphilayo komkhiqizo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusesigabeni socwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi noma ukuthengiswa. Ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ezintweni eziphilayo kungasiza abakhiqizi, abasabalalisi noma abathengisi:
● Ucwaningo Nokuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo: Ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ku-bio kwenziwa enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo osekelwe ku-bio, okungacacisa okuqukethwe okusekelwe ku-bio kumkhiqizo ukuze kube lula ukuthuthuka;
● Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo esuselwe ku-bio, ukuhlolwa okususelwe ku-bio kungenziwa ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezinikeziwe ukuze kulawulwe ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa zomkhiqizo;
● Ukukhushulwa nokumaketha: Okuqukethwe okusekelwe ku-bio kuzoba ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokumaketha, elingasiza imikhiqizo ukuthi ithole ukwethenjwa ngabathengi futhi ibambe amathuba emakethe.
Ngingakubona kanjani okuqukethwe okusekelwe ku-bio kumkhiqizo? - Ukuhlolwa kwe-Carbon 14
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Carbon-14 kungahlukanisa ngempumelelo izingxenye ezisuselwa ku-bio kanye ne-petrochemical kumkhiqizo. Ngoba izinto eziphilayo zanamuhla ziqukethe i-carbon 14 ngenani elifanayo ne-carbon 14 emkhathini, kuyilapho izinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-petrochemical zingenawo noma iyiphi i-carbon 14.
Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa okusekelwe ku-bio womkhiqizo ungu-100% wokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okusekelwe ku-bio, kusho ukuthi umkhiqizo uvela ku-100% ku-bio; uma umphumela wokuhlolwa komkhiqizo ungu-0%, kusho ukuthi umkhiqizo wonke ungowe-petrochemical; uma umphumela wokuhlolwa ungu-50%, kusho ukuthi u-50% womkhiqizo uvela ku-bio kanti u-50% wekhabhoni uvela ku-petrochemical.
Izindinganiso zokuhlola zezindwangu zifaka phakathi izinga laseMelika i-ASTM D6866, izinga laseYurophu i-EN 16640, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-22-2022
